Sophia University, also known by its Japanese name 上智大学 (Jōchi Daigaku), is a private research university in Japan.

Waseda University (早稲田大学, Waseda Daigaku), abbreviated as Sōdai (早大), is a private research university in Shinjuku, Tokyo, founded in 1882.

International Christian University (国際基督教大学, Kokusai Kirisutokyō Daigaku, ICU) is a non-denominational private university located in Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.